Forgotten Mountains. Why Kilimanjaro, Tibet, Himalaya, Greenland Are So Warm?

Counting from the altitude temperature gradient, the warming of Kilimanjaro's summit – where the snows have just disappeared and the glacier melted – we get warming over a century by about 5 *C. That is, it is four times higher than on average on the Earth's surface at the same time (1900 - 1999 = 0.8 *C, 2000 - 2023 = 0.7 *C, 1999 - 2023 = 1.5 *C).

Tibet, according to Chinese research (end of the XX century, New Scientist), has warmed three times more than the rest of lowland China (altitude difference of about 4 km on average). The Himalayan Sherpas reported a quarter of a century ago that in the area of the windward peaks during the summer monsoon, the level of frost and eternal snow rose by up to 1,700 m. This gives even 7 *C of warming!

Do you remember the gigantic snowmelt in Greenland in the summer of 2019 - several thousand meters high? Or rain instead of snow on the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (over 3,000 m above sea level) in August 2021? It is worth saying at this point that a 1% change in the Earth's albedo means approximately a change in its surface temperature by 1 *C (historical and cosmic comparisons).

Global warming on the Earth’s sea and land surface of about 1.5 *C for the period 1900 – 2023 is not adequate indicator to the all 3D warming process. The Earth is not flat. What is important to us happens quite high above our heads. The adequate for global warming-vapouring process is the surface virtually hanged three-four kilometers over the sea level line and placed in high mountains on the rock profiles.

For every 12 *C of warming there is 100 % more of water vapour in the air, when is saturated. So, in dynamic climate change process, in psychrometric and heat-pump mechanism, with feedback phenomenon there is cooler-than-should ocean and very much more than earlier of heat in stormy clouds and mountain slopes. Real adequate surface has its warming points in the 3D-space cloud, but it is possible to concentrate they on scientific virtual way to flat area.

A simple analysis of regional changes – warming (2/3) of the globe's surface dominated by atmospheric highs and cooling (1/3) of the globe's surface dominated by low pressures in the years 1950 – 2000 – shows that the clouds and the atmosphere on special area at an altitude of 3 km above the ocean surface are warmer by almost 4 *C. Clouds carry over 30 % more water there. The condensation of water in the clouds releases heat and drives the movement of the atmosphere.

At once, we have some meteo-stations in high mountains for knowledge. It is more important to know in time than to know in detail.