LaborFest Panel - Palestine: Journalists, Educators & The US Labor Movement

IPI demands justice for killing of Palestinian-American journalist
https://ipi.media/ipi-general-assembly-resolution-justice-for-shireen-abu-akleh/?fbclid=IwAR2AEogMKcXsyHyPLt0zlgT49bZpqMg3Wj4frjUx2CikSXuf82oiJwBOlIc
Sep 10, 2022

Palestinians walk in front of a mural for Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh in the West Bank city of Bethlehem, 16 May 2022. Abu Akleh was killed on May 11 2022 during a raid by Israeli forces in the West Bank town of Jenin. EPA-EFE/ABED AL HASHLAMOUN
The members of the International Press Institute (IPI), meeting at their 71st annual General Assembly during the IPI World Congress on September 8, 2022 in New York City, adopted by unanimous vote a resolution calling for full justice for the killing of Palestinian-American journalist and IPI World Press Freedom Hero Shireen Abu Akleh.
On May 11, 2022, Abu Akleh – a household name across the Arab world for her fearless and professional reporting on the Palestininan conflict – was killed by Israeli sniper fire while reporting on the ground about an Israeli military raid on a refugee camp in West Bank city of Jenin. Israel initially denied responsibility, despite the publication of several independent reports indicating that Abu Akleh had been targeted by Israeli fire. In September, the Israeli authorities admitted that there was a “high possibility” that Abu Akleh had been “accidentally” hit by its forces, but refused to pursue a further investigation or any charges against soldiers involved.
The lack of real accountability for the killing of Shireen Abu Akleh is unacceptable. Israel has an obligation under international and regional human rights instruments to promptly and thoroughly investigate attacks on journalists, as IPI and 34 other international rights groups emphasized in a joint statement earlier this year. That obligation does not disappear in a conflict zone.
In light of the abject failure of the Israeli government to investigate this crime in accordance with international law, we call for a U.S.-led investigation into the killing of Abu Akleh, who was an American citizen. This investigation must be transparent, credible, and independent. The Biden administration and the U.S. State Department must follow through on their calls for a “full and transparent accounting” of this killing.
We also call for a full International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation into the circumstances of Abu Akleh’s killing and the attack on her colleagues to determine if this incident amounts to a war crime under the Rome Statute of the ICC.

Impunity for attacks on journalists is a global scourge, a driver of further violence against the press, and a direct attack on the public’s right to information, and on democracy itself. The IPI global network demands an end to the ongoing, intolerable impunity in the killing of our World Press Freedom Hero Shireen Abu Akleh and calls on the international community to press for justice and ensure that her case is not forgotten.
The family of slain Palestinian American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh demands justice

https://www.npr.org/2022/10/19/1129846198/lina-abu-akleh-justice-palestinian-american-journalist


The family of slain Palestinian American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh demands justice

Updated October 19, 202210:16 AM ET

Lina Abu Akleh was thrust onto the global stage after her aunt was killed while reporting on an Israeli military raid in the Palestinian city of Jenin in May.
Her aunt, Shireen Abu Akleh, was the famed Palestinian American correspondent for the Arabic language network Al Jazeera. She spent decades reporting on Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories until she was killed while doing her job.
MIDDLE EAST

ISRAELI ARMY SAYS A SOLDIER LIKELY KILLED A PALESTINIAN-AMERICAN JOURNALIST

At first Israeli authorities claimed Abu Akleh was killed by Palestinian gunmen in the midst of fighting. That was despite witness accounts and videos showing there was no active fighting in the area.
Following international scrutiny, Israel admitted Shireen Abu Akleh was most likely killed by an Israeli soldier but said the killing was a mistake. The Abu Akleh family fiercely disputes that. They believe the killing was deliberate.
PERSPECTIVE

SHIREEN ABU AKLEH'S VOICE WAS THE SOUNDTRACK OF MY CHILDHOOD. HER LEGACY LIVES ON

Her niece says she was wearing a vest clearly labeled "press" on both sides and continued to face gunfire even as she and her colleagues at the scene identified themselves as journalists.
"All the investigative reports concluded that all the bullets targeted her upper body," Lina Abu Akleh adds. "Even after she was on the floor, bleeding to death, they were still firing towards her direction. Even when there was a young man trying to help her and take her into a car, they were still being fired at."

Lina Abu Akleh has become the face of her family's global campaign for accountability and justice. She was recently named one of Time's 100 emerging leaders for "publicly demanding scrutiny of Israel's treatment of Palestinians."
Abu Akleh has met with U.S. lawmakers and Secretary of State Antony Blinken and has attempted to meet with President Biden about her aunt, a U.S. citizen. She tells Morning Edition host that she believes the U.S. failed because it did not conduct a transparent and independent investigation into the killing of her aunt, a U.S. citizen.
"For us, justice is putting an end to this impunity and holding the perpetrators accountable for the killing of my one and only Aunt Shireen," she says.
The conversation has been edited for length and clarity.


On why Abu Akleh feels the U.S. has failed her family:
We met with Secretary of State Mr. Antony Blinken, and we really appreciated that he gave us the time to speak to us and share his condolences. We appreciate knowing that he's committed to accountability. However, at this point — now more than ever — it's so important that all these words that we heard on the Hill are followed by action, by holding the perpetrators accountable.
But we left D.C. knowing that we have a lot of allies on the Hill, especially after we met with various representatives, members of Congress, senators who continue to show their support to us and calling for the administration to launch an investigation since, until today, we haven't seen any action taken.
WORLD

SHIREEN ABU AKLEH'S NIECE ON HER FAMILY'S MEETING WITH BLINKEN TO PUSH FOR U.S. PROBE

On their unsuccessful attempts to meet with Biden:
Until this day, we haven't heard back from them in terms of meeting with the president. The president was here in July. He was 10 minutes away from our home, from Shireen's home where she grew up. And unfortunately, he did not meet with our family. And when we went to D.C., we were hoping that he would be meeting with us, but again that did not happen.
And we were definitely disappointed, because it's very important to us for the president to hear from us and for us to know that he's taking this seriously, since she's a citizen and a journalist. And this is something he's always talked about, especially a few days before Shireen was killed, he said it's important that journalists, especially women in the field, in war zones, are protected. Yet this did not apply to Shireen. So until this day we continue to demand and to request that the president meet with us.
On whether she thinks Abu Akleh's death is treated differently because of where it happened:
Of course, and I always say this. Because she's a Palestinian-American, she hasn't received the same action, the same attention as she would if she was killed somewhere else. And this is something that's very unfortunate, but it also continues to show the double standards that the international community has and that the U.S. has. Unfortunately, it's very sad that if she was killed in a different part of the world, then we would probably have justice and accountability from day one.
On why her family filed a complaint with the International Criminal Court:
It's really important that when states fail to provide protection for their own citizens ... it's important that we pursue justice and accountability in any way possible. We're hoping that the prosecutor would actually take up this case and would investigate it.
MIDDLE EAST

ISRAELI POLICE BEAT MOURNERS AT A SLAIN AL JAZEERA JOURNALIST'S FUNERAL

On the day of her aunt's funeral, when Israeli forces raided mourners:
That day was very traumatizing. Until this day, I still get shivers when I pass by the hospital in Jerusalem ... We were faced with the Israeli paramilitary police occupation forces who stormed the hospital in a barbaric manner. They were armed, attacked me and my family, attacked mourners, pallbearers with batons, stun grenades. And the casket almost fell to the ground because of how they were beating the pallbearers ... Until this day, I don't understand how a funeral was so threatening for them. And it felt as if they were trying to silence her even after her death. They violated our right to put Shireen to rest, our right to a funeral, and most importantly, they violated her right to dignity even after death.
The entire experience was traumatizing, it was humiliating and it's something I don't wish for anyone to go through that. But then again, this was seen all over the world. Everyone saw what it's like to be living under this kind of occupation.
On what Shireen Abu Akleh was like:
Shireen was more like my best friend. She wasn't just an aunt, but someone I relied on on various occasions, various moments of my life. She's someone who was always there, regardless of how difficult her job was, how demanding, challenging and emotionally exhausting it was, she was always there for me and my siblings, always ready to help us in any way possible.
She was very funny, and this is not something everyone sees on TV, especially when it comes to journalists — you have to put on that journalist face, as I like to call it. And behind the scenes, she was very funny, always lit up the room, always excited about life.
It's definitely been difficult not having her around. We feel the void in the family, with her friends. There is emptiness, but we still feel her presence and her spirit around us.
MEDIA

SHIREEN ABU AKLEH DID THE STORIES NO ONE WANTED TO DO, SAYS COLLEAGUE

On how she wants her aunt to be remembered:
I want her legacy to be remembered as someone who stood up for truth, for justice and for peace, as she was the voice of justice, the voice of truth, the voice of Palestinians. I want people to remember her voice and the voice that entered every single house in Palestine and the Arab world. Her legacy continues to be honored up to this day with all the various awards ceremonies that I attended all over the world, and all over [the] United States. And these awards are a testament to her legacy, which was where she spoke truth to power. She empowered not just me as her niece, but she empowered millions and countless of young Palestinian women and Arab women who looked up to her and were inspired by her professionalism, by her work as a female journalist in the field.
This interview was produced by Lilly Quiroz and edited by Mohamad ElBardicy.

Israel has killed 20 journalists with impunity since 2000

https://israelpalestinenews.org/one-year-post-shireen-israel-killed-20-journalists-impunity-2000/
CONTACT [at] IFAMERICANSKNEW.ORG MAY 9, 2023 FREEDOM OF PRESS, IMPUNITY, JOURNALIST, SHIREEN ABU AKLEH

Israel has killed 20 journalists with impunity since 2000
A mural of Al-Jazeera Arabic journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was killed by an Israeli soldier in the West Bank town of Jenin, is seen on a wall in Gaza City on May 15, 2022. (photo)
The May 11, 2022, killing of Palestinian-American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh is part of a deadly, decades-long pattern. Over 22 years, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has documented at least 20 journalist killings by members of the Israel Defense Forces.

Despite numerous IDF probes, no one has ever been charged or held responsible for these deaths. Failure to pursue justice for slain reporters undermines freedom of the press.

Deaths are just one part of the story. Many journalists have been injured, and in 2021 the military bombed Gaza buildings that housed offices of more than a dozen local and international media outlets, including The Associated Press…

reposted from the Committee to Protect Journalists, May 9, 2023

Tel Aviv, May 9—One year after Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent Shireen Abu Akleh was fatally shot in the head while reporting on an Israeli military raid in the West Bank, a new report by the Committee to Protect Journalists exposes a pattern of lethal force by the Israel Defense Forces alongside inadequate responses that evade accountability.

Since 2001, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by the IDF. The vast majority—18—were Palestinian. No one has ever been charged or held accountable for these deaths.

“The killing of Shireen Abu Akleh and the failure of the army’s investigative process to hold anyone responsible is not a one-off event,” said Robert Mahoney, CPJ’s director of special projects and one of the report’s editors. “It is part of a pattern of response that seems designed to evade responsibility.

Not one member of the IDF has been held accountable in the deaths of 20 journalists from Israeli military fire over the last 22 years.”

CPJ’s report, “Deadly Pattern,” finds that probes into journalist killings at the hands of the IDF follow a routine sequence. Israeli officials discount evidence and witness claims, often appearing to clear soldiers for the killings while inquiries are still in progress.

The IDF’s procedure for examining military killings of civilians such as journalists is a black box, notes the report.

There is no policy document describing the process in detail and the results of any probe are confidential. When probes do take place, the Israeli military often takes months or years to investigate killings and families of the mostly Palestinian journalists have little recourse inside Israel to pursue justice.

The report also finds that Israeli forces repeatedly fail to respect press insignia, sending a chilling message to journalists and media workers throughout the West Bank and Gaza, the Palestinian areas under Israeli military control where all 20 killings occurred. Like Abu Akleh, the majority of the 20 journalists killed—at least 13—were clearly identified as members of the media or were inside vehicles with press insignia at the time of their deaths.

For example, in 2008, Reuters camera operator Fadel Shana was wearing blue body armor marked “PRESS” while standing next to a vehicle with the words “TV” and “PRESS” when a tank fired a dart-scattering shell that pierced his chest and legs in multiple places, killing him.

“The degree to which Israel claims to investigate journalist killings depends largely on external pressure,” said Sherif Mansour, CPJ’s Middle East and North Africa program coordinator.

“There are cursory probes into the deaths of journalists with foreign passports, but that is rarely the case for slain Palestinian reporters. Ultimately, none has seen any semblance of justice.”

Deaths are just one part of the story. Many journalists have been injured, and in 2021 the military bombed Gaza buildings that housed offices of more than a dozen local and international media outlets, including The Associated Press and Al-Jazeera.

CPJ sent multiple requests to the IDF’s press office to interview military prosecutors and officials, but the military refused to meet with CPJ for an on-the-record interview.

The IDF killing of journalists has had a chilling effect on reporters covering their operations, undermining press freedom and heightening safety concerns for Palestinian and foreign journalists.

CPJ’s report includes recommendations to Israel, the United States, and the international community to implement actions to protect journalists, end impunity in the cases of killed journalists, and prevent future killings.

This includes guaranteeing swift, independent, transparent, and effective investigations into the potentially unlawful killings of journalists.

CPJ also calls for Israel to open criminal investigations into the cases of three murdered journalists: Shireen Abu Akleh (2022), Ahmed Abu Hussein (2018), and Yaser Murtaja (2018).

Read the full report here.

The Committee to Protect Journalists is an independent, nonprofit organization that promotes press freedom worldwide.


Deadly Pattern: 20 journalists died by Israeli military fire in 22 years. No one has been held accountable.

https://cpj.org/reports/2023/05/deadly-pattern-20-journalists-died-by-israeli-military-fire-in-22-years-no-one-has-been-held-accountable/

The May 11, 2022, killing of Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent Shireen Abu Akleh is part of a deadly, decades-long pattern. Over 22 years, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by members of the Israel Defense Forces. Despite numerous IDF probes, no one has ever been charged or held responsible for these deaths. The impunity in these cases has severely undermined the freedom of the press, leaving the rights of journalists in precarity. A CPJ special report.

Published May 9, 2023

In this report

Introduction
Interactive map

Main findings:

–Israel discounts evidence and witness claims
–Israeli forces have failed to respect press insignia
–Israeli officials respond by pushing false narratives
–Journalists are accused of terrorism
–Israel opens probes amid international pressure
–Officials appear to clear soldiers while probes are ongoing
–Inquiries are slow and not transparent
–IDF killings undermine independent reporting
–Families of journalists have little recourse inside Israel

Sidebar: A deadly reporting field for Palestinian journalists

Sidebar: How Israel probes journalist killings

Faces of killed journalists

Credits

Recommendations

Download a PDF of the report

Read the report in Hebrew and Arabic:

–العربية

–עברית

Introduction

On May 11, 2022, Palestinian American television journalist Shireen Abu Akleh embarked on what would be her final assignment. At 6:31 a.m., she walked down a neighborhood road in the Israeli-occupied West Bank city of Jenin. She was accompanied by two other Palestinian journalists and her producer, Ali al-Samoudi. The group wore protective vests with the word “PRESS” in large white letters across their chests and backs. Ahead they could see several Israeli military vehicles.

The journalists were there to report on the aftermath of an Israeli raid in the Jenin refugee camp after a string of deadly attacks by Palestinians in Israel. Video recorded by TikTok users and republished by The Washington Post showed Abu Akleh, a veteran Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent, and her colleagues on the street. In the minutes before, the area was relatively quiet as local residents milled about, save for the sound of gunfire in the distance.

Suddenly, six shots rang out, one of them hitting al-Samoudi in the shoulder. The journalists ducked for cover and there was a second volley of fire. A bullet hit Abu Akleh in the back of her head in the gap between her helmet and her protective vest, killing her instantly. Several independent investigations by U.S. news outlets, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Associated Press, as well as Netherlands-based research collective Bellingcat, all came to the same conclusion: a member of the Israel Defense Forces likely fired the shot. CNN found evidence of a targeted attack. The London-based research group Forensic Architecture and the Ramallah-based human rights organization Al-Haq also found evidence that the Israeli army targeted Abu Akleh and her journalist colleagues with the intention to kill.

Five months after the killing, an IDF probe concluded there was a “high possibility” that one of its soldiers “accidentally” shot the journalist while firing on Palestinian gunmen, but did not rule out the possibility that she was shot by a Palestinian militant. To date, no one has been held accountable.

The killing of Abu Akleh, one of the Arab world’s most beloved and recognizable journalists, was not an isolated event. Since 2001, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by the IDF. The vast majority — 18 — were Palestinian; two were European foreign correspondents; there were no Israelis. No one has ever been charged or held accountable for these deaths.

Israel has killed 20 journalists with impunity since 2000

https://israelpalestinenews.org/one-year-post-shireen-israel-killed-20-journalists-impunity-2000/
CONTACT [at] IFAMERICANSKNEW.ORG MAY 9, 2023 FREEDOM OF PRESS, IMPUNITY, JOURNALIST, SHIREEN ABU AKLEH

Israel has killed 20 journalists with impunity since 2000
A mural of Al-Jazeera Arabic journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was killed by an Israeli soldier in the West Bank town of Jenin, is seen on a wall in Gaza City on May 15, 2022. (photo)
The May 11, 2022, killing of Palestinian-American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh is part of a deadly, decades-long pattern. Over 22 years, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has documented at least 20 journalist killings by members of the Israel Defense Forces.

Despite numerous IDF probes, no one has ever been charged or held responsible for these deaths. Failure to pursue justice for slain reporters undermines freedom of the press.

Deaths are just one part of the story. Many journalists have been injured, and in 2021 the military bombed Gaza buildings that housed offices of more than a dozen local and international media outlets, including The Associated Press…

reposted from the Committee to Protect Journalists, May 9, 2023

Tel Aviv, May 9—One year after Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent Shireen Abu Akleh was fatally shot in the head while reporting on an Israeli military raid in the West Bank, a new report by the Committee to Protect Journalists exposes a pattern of lethal force by the Israel Defense Forces alongside inadequate responses that evade accountability.

Since 2001, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by the IDF. The vast majority—18—were Palestinian. No one has ever been charged or held accountable for these deaths.

“The killing of Shireen Abu Akleh and the failure of the army’s investigative process to hold anyone responsible is not a one-off event,” said Robert Mahoney, CPJ’s director of special projects and one of the report’s editors. “It is part of a pattern of response that seems designed to evade responsibility.

Not one member of the IDF has been held accountable in the deaths of 20 journalists from Israeli military fire over the last 22 years.”

CPJ’s report, “Deadly Pattern,” finds that probes into journalist killings at the hands of the IDF follow a routine sequence. Israeli officials discount evidence and witness claims, often appearing to clear soldiers for the killings while inquiries are still in progress.

The IDF’s procedure for examining military killings of civilians such as journalists is a black box, notes the report.

There is no policy document describing the process in detail and the results of any probe are confidential. When probes do take place, the Israeli military often takes months or years to investigate killings and families of the mostly Palestinian journalists have little recourse inside Israel to pursue justice.

The report also finds that Israeli forces repeatedly fail to respect press insignia, sending a chilling message to journalists and media workers throughout the West Bank and Gaza, the Palestinian areas under Israeli military control where all 20 killings occurred. Like Abu Akleh, the majority of the 20 journalists killed—at least 13—were clearly identified as members of the media or were inside vehicles with press insignia at the time of their deaths.

For example, in 2008, Reuters camera operator Fadel Shana was wearing blue body armor marked “PRESS” while standing next to a vehicle with the words “TV” and “PRESS” when a tank fired a dart-scattering shell that pierced his chest and legs in multiple places, killing him.

“The degree to which Israel claims to investigate journalist killings depends largely on external pressure,” said Sherif Mansour, CPJ’s Middle East and North Africa program coordinator.

“There are cursory probes into the deaths of journalists with foreign passports, but that is rarely the case for slain Palestinian reporters. Ultimately, none has seen any semblance of justice.”

Deaths are just one part of the story. Many journalists have been injured, and in 2021 the military bombed Gaza buildings that housed offices of more than a dozen local and international media outlets, including The Associated Press and Al-Jazeera.

CPJ sent multiple requests to the IDF’s press office to interview military prosecutors and officials, but the military refused to meet with CPJ for an on-the-record interview.

The IDF killing of journalists has had a chilling effect on reporters covering their operations, undermining press freedom and heightening safety concerns for Palestinian and foreign journalists.

CPJ’s report includes recommendations to Israel, the United States, and the international community to implement actions to protect journalists, end impunity in the cases of killed journalists, and prevent future killings.

This includes guaranteeing swift, independent, transparent, and effective investigations into the potentially unlawful killings of journalists.

CPJ also calls for Israel to open criminal investigations into the cases of three murdered journalists: Shireen Abu Akleh (2022), Ahmed Abu Hussein (2018), and Yaser Murtaja (2018).

Read the full report here.

The Committee to Protect Journalists is an independent, nonprofit organization that promotes press freedom worldwide.


Deadly Pattern: 20 journalists died by Israeli military fire in 22 years. No one has been held accountable.

https://cpj.org/reports/2023/05/deadly-pattern-20-journalists-died-by-israeli-military-fire-in-22-years-no-one-has-been-held-accountable/
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The May 11, 2022, killing of Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent Shireen Abu Akleh is part of a deadly, decades-long pattern. Over 22 years, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by members of the Israel Defense Forces. Despite numerous IDF probes, no one has ever been charged or held responsible for these deaths. The impunity in these cases has severely undermined the freedom of the press, leaving the rights of journalists in precarity. A CPJ special report.

Published May 9, 2023

In this report

Introduction
Interactive map

Main findings:

–Israel discounts evidence and witness claims
–Israeli forces have failed to respect press insignia
–Israeli officials respond by pushing false narratives
–Journalists are accused of terrorism
–Israel opens probes amid international pressure
–Officials appear to clear soldiers while probes are ongoing
–Inquiries are slow and not transparent
–IDF killings undermine independent reporting
–Families of journalists have little recourse inside Israel

Sidebar: A deadly reporting field for Palestinian journalists

Sidebar: How Israel probes journalist killings

Faces of killed journalists

Credits

Recommendations

Download a PDF of the report

Read the report in Hebrew and Arabic:

–العربية

–עברית

Introduction

On May 11, 2022, Palestinian American television journalist Shireen Abu Akleh embarked on what would be her final assignment. At 6:31 a.m., she walked down a neighborhood road in the Israeli-occupied West Bank city of Jenin. She was accompanied by two other Palestinian journalists and her producer, Ali al-Samoudi. The group wore protective vests with the word “PRESS” in large white letters across their chests and backs. Ahead they could see several Israeli military vehicles.

The journalists were there to report on the aftermath of an Israeli raid in the Jenin refugee camp after a string of deadly attacks by Palestinians in Israel. Video recorded by TikTok users and republished by The Washington Post showed Abu Akleh, a veteran Al-Jazeera Arabic correspondent, and her colleagues on the street. In the minutes before, the area was relatively quiet as local residents milled about, save for the sound of gunfire in the distance.

Suddenly, six shots rang out, one of them hitting al-Samoudi in the shoulder. The journalists ducked for cover and there was a second volley of fire. A bullet hit Abu Akleh in the back of her head in the gap between her helmet and her protective vest, killing her instantly. Several independent investigations by U.S. news outlets, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Associated Press, as well as Netherlands-based research collective Bellingcat, all came to the same conclusion: a member of the Israel Defense Forces likely fired the shot. CNN found evidence of a targeted attack. The London-based research group Forensic Architecture and the Ramallah-based human rights organization Al-Haq also found evidence that the Israeli army targeted Abu Akleh and her journalist colleagues with the intention to kill.

Five months after the killing, an IDF probe concluded there was a “high possibility” that one of its soldiers “accidentally” shot the journalist while firing on Palestinian gunmen, but did not rule out the possibility that she was shot by a Palestinian militant. To date, no one has been held accountable.

The killing of Abu Akleh, one of the Arab world’s most beloved and recognizable journalists, was not an isolated event. Since 2001, CPJ has documented at least 20 journalist killings by the IDF. The vast majority — 18 — were Palestinian; two were European foreign correspondents; there were no Israelis. No one has ever been charged or held accountable for these deaths.